Indonesia-Malaysia Bilateral Cooperation in Handling Cases of Illegal Migrant Workers During the Presidency of Joko Widodo (2014-2019)
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The phenomenon of illegal migration of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) to Malaysia is a complex issue influenced by various social, economic, and political factors in both countries. This study aims to examine the forms of bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia in addressing the problem of illegal TKI during President Joko Widodo’s administration (2014–2019), evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation, and analyze the challenges and policy implications that arise. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and based on the theories of Liberalism, Diplomacy, and Foreign Policy Analysis, the study shows that although cooperation initiatives such as the One Door Policy for labor placement, the General Border Committee (GBC), and social reintegration programs have been implemented, their effectiveness remains limited due to weak inter-agency coordination, lack of public outreach, and bureaucratic obstacles. The research emphasizes the need to strengthen a migration system that is more transparent, comprehensive, and grounded in the protection of human rights. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for strategic policymaking in the future to ensure the legal and equitable management of Indonesian migrant workers.
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