Climate-Induced Migration and Human Security in Southeast Asia: Rethinking Border Governance and Indonesia’s Policy Response

Abstract

Climate change has increasingly become a significant driver of human mobility, particularly in environmentally vulnerable countries such as Indonesia. As the world's largest archipelagic state, Indonesia faces growing risks of climate-induced migration resultingz from sea-level rise, coastal erosion, flooding, and prolonged droughts. Despite increasing attention to climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction, the governance of climate-induced migration remains fragmented and insufficiently integrated into existing migration and border policies. This study aims to examine the relationship between climate-induced migration, human security, and border governance in Indonesia within the broader ASEAN context. Employing a qualitative library research approach, the study analyses policy documents, international reports, and peer-reviewed literature using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that climate-induced migration is not merely an environmental consequence but a multidimensional human security challenge affecting economic, food, health, environmental, and community security. Furthermore, Indonesia's current governance framework remains predominantly reactive, with limited coordination among climate adaptation, disaster management, and migration institutions. To address this gap, the study proposes a Human Security-Based Border Governance (HSBG) framework that integrates four complementary pillars: anticipatory climate risk governance, adaptive migration governance, human security protection, and regional cooperative governance. The framework contributes to the literature by bridging Climate-Induced Migration Theory, Human Security Theory, and Border Governance Theory into a unified analytical model. The study concludes that integrating human security into border governance is essential for strengthening Indonesia's preparedness for climate-induced migration while enhancing regional cooperation within ASEAN. These findings provide both theoretical contributions and practical policy recommendations for developing adaptive, inclusive, and resilient climate mobility governance..