Analisis Ergonomi Berbasis Biomekanika dan Fisiologi pada Manual Material Handling dalam Rangka Optimalisasi Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Berkelanjutan
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This study analyzes ergonomic aspects of Manual Material Handling (MMH) based on biomechanical and physiological approaches to optimize sustainable occupational health and safety. The research aims to identify factors influencing musculoskeletal complaints, determine load characteristics, and assess the feasibility of alternative work system improvements. The method involves direct observation of MMH activities during the lifting of iron sacks, followed by biomechanical and physiological assessments. Biomechanical analysis was conducted by calculating the compression load on the intervertebral disc between lumbar 5 and sacrum 1 (L5/S1) and comparing the results with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standards for Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL). The findings show that lifting a 35 kg load generates a compression force of 12,361 N at L5/S1, which exceeds both the MPL of 6,500 N and the Action Limit of 3,500 N, indicating that the activity is classified as hazardous. As an improvement, the implementation of a trolley tool significantly reduced the compression force to 650.58 N, far below the MPL threshold. This result highlights that redesigning the work system through ergonomic interventions can effectively minimize spinal injury risks and support sustainable occupational health and safety practices
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